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Introduction: Corneal ulcer is one of the important causesfor ocular morbidity in India. Early presentation with promptdiagnosis and treatment result in good visual rehabilitation.Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the etiology ofcorneal ulcer among patients attending the tertiary careteaching hospital of Jharkhand.Material and Methods: This was a prospective observationalhospital-based study conducted at the Department ofOphthalmology, at a tertiary care hospital, in Jharkhand.Data related to socioeconomic status, predisposing factor,and course of disease was collected. Results were analyzedon the basis of history, slit lamp examination, and appropriatelaboratory investigation.Result: During the study period of one year, 1013 patientswith the clinical diagnosis of corneal ulceration wereevaluated, mean age of the patient was 53 years and majorityof patients of infectious keratitis were in between 46 and 60(45%) age group. Incidence in male was higher than (59%)that of female. The left eye was more commonly involved(53%) as compared to the right eye (47%). Farmers (47%)followed by Industrial worker (27%) were most commonoccupation involved. Incidence of fungal keratitis (42%) washigher than bacterial (31%) and viral (11%).Conclusion: Proper diagnosis and management of cornealulcer is very much necessary among exposed population.Incidence of fungal corneal ulcer is very high amongagriculture and industrial workers and lack of awareness andpoor treatment leads to corneal blindness. Use of protectiveeye wear, masks and face shields may play a key role inprevention of the disease
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Background: The aim was to study the current prescribing and drug utilization pattern in Ophthalmology Department of a tertiary care teaching hospital. Drug utilization study is a part of pharmaco-epidemiological exercise quantifying the extent, nature and determinants of drug use in a population. Periodic audit of drug usage pattern forms an essential tool to ascertain the role of drug in a society, increase therapeutic efficacy and improve cost effectiveness of the therapy. It is an introspective and critical instrument providing positive impact on health care delivery to the patient. With this background, the present study was carried out to analyze the prescription pattern and drug utilization by measuring the WHO drug use indicators in ophthalmology department of a tertiary care teaching hospital.Methods: The prescriptions of 961 outpatients were included and analyzed using a predesigned case record form OPD prescription of each patient. Patient and prescription related parameters were analyzed.Results: Prescription analysis showed that the average number of drugs per prescription was 1.85. The drugs were prescribed in the form of eye drops (67.42%), followed by ointments (14.37%), capsules (15.45%), and tablets (2.71%). The dosage form and frequency of drug administration was indicated for all of the drugs prescribed, the duration of treatment for 60.97% of the drugs prescribed. Antimicrobial agents and tear substitute together constituted above 50% of all the drugs. Percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name and from NEDL was 31.62% and 37.22%, respectively. Patient抯 knowledge of correct dosage was 70.44%.Conclusions: This study showed that there is scope for improvement in prescribing patterns in areas of writing generic names of drugs, essential drugs, writing legible and complete prescriptions.
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School children often encounter traumatic injuries like a crown fracture. They create serious functional, esthetic and psychological problems. Achievement of promising restoration that preserves its aesthetics and strength is the greatest desire for both children and their parents and is a challenging task for the dentist. The restorative options in these cases usually include composite resin and porcelain laminate veneers. This article describes treatment of a paediatric patient with porcelain laminate veneers for restoring unaesthetic maxillary anterior teeth.
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Background: This study was designed to compare adverse effects on serum lipid profile and blood sugar level in the treatment with two commonly used drugs perindopril and telmisartan in cases of hypertension. This was an “observational” and “cross-sectional” study. Methods: A total of 100 patients were included in each, Groups A and B. In both groups, half the patients were given perindopril 4 mg OD and half were given telmisartan 40 mg OD for 24 weeks. Total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides (TG), fasting blood sugar (FBS), and postprandial blood sugar (PPBS) level was estimated initially and then at 4th, 12th, and 24th week. Statistical analysis was done using ANOVA. Results: With perindopril initial means of TC, HDL, LDL, TGs, FBS, and PPBS in Groups A and B were 190.32, 49.76, 117.96, 165.04, 84.56, 122.60, and 188.80, 51.64, 118.52, 159.12, 93.92, 133.60, respectively. After 24 weeks, these values were 190.84, 50.68, 118.60, 163.84, 83.48, 120.20, and 190.96, 52.04, 118.28, 157.56, 93.96, 133.68, respectively (p > 0.05). With telmisartan, initial means of TC, HDL, LDL, TG, FBS, and PPBS in both groups were 188.08, 49.76, 118.84, 167.20, 83.72, 120.68, and 188.08, 46.88, 121.96, 167.84, 91.44, 131.72, respectively. After 24 weeks, these values in both groups were 189.36, 49.80, 120.04, 165.96, 82.60, 118.36 and 186.12, 45.28, 121.08, 167.72, 92.76, 129.56 respectively (p > 0.05). Conclusions: It concluded that both perindopril and telmisartan had not any significant adverse effects on plasma lipid profile and blood sugar level in both groups.